Velvet, also known as “Gold Dust Disease,” is a highly contagious parasitic infection that affects Betta fish and other freshwater species. It is caused by the parasite Piscinoodinium sp., and it appears as a fine golden or rust-colored dust on the fish’s body, fins, and gills. If you suspect your Betta fish has velvet, here is some general information on how it is commonly treated:

• Check Water Parameters:
  • Test the water parameters (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and pH) in the main tank and/or quarantine tank. Poor water quality can stress the fish and exacerbate fin rot. Perform a partial water change if necessary to improve water conditions.
• Maintain Water Quality:
  • Ensure the water in the quarantine tank is clean and free from any harmful substances. Perform regular partial water changes as needed to ensure the parameters are in check.

• Isolate the Betta (Optional):
  • If you have a separate quarantine tank, isolate the affected Betta fish immediately to prevent the spread of the infection to other tank mates.
• Raise the Tank Temperature:
  • Increase the water temperature in the quarantine tank to around 82-86°F (28-30°C). Higher temperatures can speed up the life cycle of the parasite and make it more susceptible to treatment.
  • Do only if necessary and fish is tolerating it. Another idea would be to isolate the betta in a quarantine tank and increase the temperature of the regular display tank. Then reduce the temperature back to normal when Betta is ready to return to the main tank.
• Darken the Tank:
  • Cover the quarantine tank with a dark cloth or towel to reduce stress on the fish and to limit the parasite’s growth. Velvet thrives in light, so darkness can help hinder its life cycle.

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• Common medications used:
  • Use a reputable copper-based medication specifically designed to treat velvet. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for dosage and application carefully.
  • Be cautious with the dosage, as Betta fish can be sensitive to copper. Follow the instructions to avoid overdosing. Other common medications used are Ich-X.

• Treat for the Recommended Duration:
  • Continue the medication treatment for the full recommended duration, even if the visible signs of velvet improve. This ensures that all parasites and their life stages are eradicated.
• Maintain Excellent Water Quality:
  • Clean water is crucial for the fish’s recovery. Perform frequent partial water changes (20-30% every day) to keep the water clean and reduce stress on the fish.
• Remove Organic Debris:
  • Remove any organic debris, uneaten food, and dead plant matter from the tank. A clean environment can support the fish’s healing process.
• Supportive Care:
  • Keep the Betta’s environment calm and stress-free. Provide hiding spots, dim lighting, and maintain the water temperature within the recommended range (78-80°F or 25-27°C).
  • Offer a varied and balanced diet of high-quality pellets, flakes, and occasional treats like frozen or live foods to support the fish’s immune system and overall health.
• Monitor Behavior and Symptoms:
  • Observe your Betta’s behavior and look for any specific symptoms or changes in its appearance. Note any improvement or worsening of the velvet condition.
• Consult a Veterinarian:

• If the Betta’s condition worsens, or if you are unsure about the diagnosis or treatment, it’s crucial to consult a qualified veterinarian experienced in fish health.
• A veterinarian can confirm the diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment options.

Remember that velvet is highly contagious, and prompt action is essential to prevent its spread and to improve your Betta fish’s chances of recovery. If you are unsure about how to proceed with the treatment or if your fish’s condition worsens, seek professional veterinary advice.